4peaks for mac1/8/2024 FinchTV reads chomatograms in ABI (.AB1) or Standard (.scf) format and can print chromatograms. You will need WinZip or PowerArchiver to open it. Option 1: Download FinchTV from Geospiza, The download will be a zip file.Small desktop printers will be unable to handle the amount of data that is associated with the chromatogram files. Here is a list of software that are available as free downloads that can help you visualize the chromatogram and analyze the DNA files.įor printing, we recommend the HP color laser jet 4650n printer. Parasit Vectors 13(1):528.Nemours Biomolecular Core Laboratory - Chromatogram Viewing Schvartz G, Farnoushi Y, Berkowitz A, Edery N et al (2020) Molecular characterization of the re-emerging West Nile virus in avian species and equids in Israel, 2018, and pathological description of the disease. īarzon L, Pacenti M, Franchin E, Lavezzo E et al (2013) Whole genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of West Nile virus lineage 1 and lineage 2 from human cases of infection, Italy, August 2013. Vidaña B, Busquets N, Napp S, Pérez-Ramírez E et al (2020) The role of birds of prey in West Nile virus epidemiology. Setoh YX, Prow NA, Hobson-Peters J, Lobigs M et al (2012) Identification of residues in West Nile virus pre-membrane protein that influence viral particle secretion and virulence. ĭelbue S, Ferrante P, Mariotto S, Zanusso G et al (2014) Review of West Nile virus epidemiology in Italy and report of a case of West Nile virus encephalitis. īasset J, Burlaud-Gaillard J, Feher M, Roingeard P et al (2020) A molecular determinant of West Nile virus secretion and morphology as a target for viral attenuation. Nagy A, Mezei E, Nagy O, Bakonyi T et al (2019) Extraordinary increase in West Nile virus cases and first confirmed human Usutu virus infection in Hungary, 2018. Įiden M, Vina-Rodriguez A, Hoffmann B, Ziegler U et al (2010) Two new real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assays with unique target sites for the specific and sensitive detection of lineages 1 and 2 West Nile virus strains. Pérez-Ramírez E, Llorente F, Jiménez-Clavero MÁ (2014) Experimental infections of wild birds with West Nile virus. Habarugira G, Suen WW, Hobson-Peters J, Hall RA et al (2020) West Nile virus: an update on pathobiology, epidemiology, diagnostics, control and “one health” implications. Klenk K, Snow J, Morgan K, Bowen R et al (2004) Alligators as West Nile virus amplifiers. Marra PP, Griffing S, Caffrey C, Kilpatrick MA et al (2004) West Nile virus and wildlife. This protocol may therefore be useful for rapid and affordable classification of WNV samples, obviating the need for complete genome sequencing. The sequencing can be performed either in-house or outsourced to a third-party service provider. This protocol is designed to be used by any laboratory equipped for endpoint and quantitative PCR. Finally, bioinformatic analysis enables detection of mutations and classification of the samples of interest. The primary PCR product is then amplified again in parallel reactions, and these secondary PCR products are sequenced. Next, the entire region containing the structural protein genes is amplified by PCR. The primary step is the detection of WNV RNA by quantitative PCR of the NS2A gene or the C gene regions. In this chapter, we describe a protocol for detection and analysis of WNV samples by sequencing the entire region of their structural genes capsid (C), preM/membrane, and envelope. Genetic differentiation between WNV lineages is usually performed by complete genome sequencing, which is not available in many research and diagnostic laboratories. West Nile virus (WNV) is an important zoonotic pathogen, which is detected mainly by identification of its RNA using PCR.
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